use function func_get_args;
 
/**
 * PDO implementation of the Connection interface.
 * Used by all PDO-based drivers.
 */
class PDOConnection extends PDO implements Connection, ServerInfoAwareConnection
{
    /**
     * @param string       $dsn
     * @param string|null  $user
     * @param string|null  $password
     * @param mixed[]|null $options
     *
     * @throws PDOException In case of an error.
     */
    public function __construct($dsn, $user = null, $password = null, ?array $options = null)
    {
        try {
            parent::__construct($dsn, (string) $user, (string) $password, (array) $options);
            $this->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_STATEMENT_CLASS, [PDOStatement::class, []]);
            $this->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
        } catch (\PDOException $exception) {
            throw new PDOException($exception);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function exec($sql)
    {
        try {
            $result = parent::exec($sql);
            assert($result !== false);
 
            return $result;
        } catch (\PDOException $exception) {
            throw new PDOException($exception);
        }

use function func_get_args;
 
/**
 * PDO implementation of the Connection interface.
 * Used by all PDO-based drivers.
 */
class PDOConnection extends PDO implements Connection, ServerInfoAwareConnection
{
    /**
     * @param string       $dsn
     * @param string|null  $user
     * @param string|null  $password
     * @param mixed[]|null $options
     *
     * @throws PDOException In case of an error.
     */
    public function __construct($dsn, $user = null, $password = null, ?array $options = null)
    {
        try {
            parent::__construct($dsn, (string) $user, (string) $password, (array) $options);
            $this->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_STATEMENT_CLASS, [PDOStatement::class, []]);
            $this->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
        } catch (\PDOException $exception) {
            throw new PDOException($exception);
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function exec($sql)
    {
        try {
            $result = parent::exec($sql);
            assert($result !== false);
 
            return $result;
        } catch (\PDOException $exception) {
            throw new PDOException($exception);
        }

        } catch (Exception $e) {
            return $this->tryAgainIfCausedByLostConnection(
                $e, $dsn, $username, $password, $options
            );
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Create a new PDO connection instance.
     *
     * @param  string  $dsn
     * @param  string  $username
     * @param  string  $password
     * @param  array  $options
     * @return \PDO
     */
    protected function createPdoConnection($dsn, $username, $password, $options)
    {
        if (class_exists(PDOConnection::class) && ! $this->isPersistentConnection($options)) {
            return new PDOConnection($dsn, $username, $password, $options);
        }
 
        return new PDO($dsn, $username, $password, $options);
    }
 
    /**
     * Determine if the connection is persistent.
     *
     * @param  array  $options
     * @return bool
     */
    protected function isPersistentConnection($options)
    {
        return isset($options[PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT]) &&
               $options[PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT];
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle an exception that occurred during connect execution.
     *

 
    /**
     * Create a new PDO connection.
     *
     * @param  string  $dsn
     * @param  array   $config
     * @param  array   $options
     * @return \PDO
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    public function createConnection($dsn, array $config, array $options)
    {
        [$username, $password] = [
            $config['username'] ?? null, $config['password'] ?? null,
        ];
 
        try {
            return $this->createPdoConnection(
                $dsn, $username, $password, $options
            );
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            return $this->tryAgainIfCausedByLostConnection(
                $e, $dsn, $username, $password, $options
            );
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Create a new PDO connection instance.
     *
     * @param  string  $dsn
     * @param  string  $username
     * @param  string  $password
     * @param  array  $options
     * @return \PDO
     */
    protected function createPdoConnection($dsn, $username, $password, $options)
    {
        if (class_exists(PDOConnection::class) && ! $this->isPersistentConnection($options)) {

use PDO;
 
class MySqlConnector extends Connector implements ConnectorInterface
{
    /**
     * Establish a database connection.
     *
     * @param  array  $config
     * @return \PDO
     */
    public function connect(array $config)
    {
        $dsn = $this->getDsn($config);
 
        $options = $this->getOptions($config);
 
        // We need to grab the PDO options that should be used while making the brand
        // new connection instance. The PDO options control various aspects of the
        // connection's behavior, and some might be specified by the developers.
        $connection = $this->createConnection($dsn, $config, $options);
 
        if (! empty($config['database'])) {
            $connection->exec("use `{$config['database']}`;");
        }
 
        $this->configureEncoding($connection, $config);
 
        // Next, we will check to see if a timezone has been specified in this config
        // and if it has we will issue a statement to modify the timezone with the
        // database. Setting this DB timezone is an optional configuration item.
        $this->configureTimezone($connection, $config);
 
        $this->setModes($connection, $config);
 
        return $connection;
    }
 
    /**
     * Set the connection character set and collation.
     *

    {
        return array_key_exists('host', $config)
                            ? $this->createPdoResolverWithHosts($config)
                            : $this->createPdoResolverWithoutHosts($config);
    }
 
    /**
     * Create a new Closure that resolves to a PDO instance with a specific host or an array of hosts.
     *
     * @param  array  $config
     * @return \Closure
     */
    protected function createPdoResolverWithHosts(array $config)
    {
        return function () use ($config) {
            foreach (Arr::shuffle($hosts = $this->parseHosts($config)) as $key => $host) {
                $config['host'] = $host;
 
                try {
                    return $this->createConnector($config)->connect($config);
                } catch (PDOException $e) {
                    continue;
                }
            }
 
            throw $e;
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Parse the hosts configuration item into an array.
     *
     * @param  array  $config
     * @return array
     */
    protected function parseHosts(array $config)
    {
        $hosts = Arr::wrap($config['host']);
 
        if (empty($hosts)) {

 
            $this->doctrineConnection = new DoctrineConnection([
                'pdo' => $this->getPdo(),
                'dbname' => $this->getConfig('database'),
                'driver' => $driver->getName(),
            ], $driver);
        }
 
        return $this->doctrineConnection;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the current PDO connection.
     *
     * @return \PDO
     */
    public function getPdo()
    {
        if ($this->pdo instanceof Closure) {
            return $this->pdo = call_user_func($this->pdo);
        }
 
        return $this->pdo;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the current PDO connection used for reading.
     *
     * @return \PDO
     */
    public function getReadPdo()
    {
        if ($this->transactions > 0) {
            return $this->getPdo();
        }
 
        if ($this->recordsModified && $this->getConfig('sticky')) {
            return $this->getPdo();
        }
 

 
            $this->doctrineConnection = new DoctrineConnection([
                'pdo' => $this->getPdo(),
                'dbname' => $this->getConfig('database'),
                'driver' => $driver->getName(),
            ], $driver);
        }
 
        return $this->doctrineConnection;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the current PDO connection.
     *
     * @return \PDO
     */
    public function getPdo()
    {
        if ($this->pdo instanceof Closure) {
            return $this->pdo = call_user_func($this->pdo);
        }
 
        return $this->pdo;
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the current PDO connection used for reading.
     *
     * @return \PDO
     */
    public function getReadPdo()
    {
        if ($this->transactions > 0) {
            return $this->getPdo();
        }
 
        if ($this->recordsModified && $this->getConfig('sticky')) {
            return $this->getPdo();
        }
 

 
        if (! isset($this->connections[$name])) {
            return $this->connection($name);
        }
 
        return $this->refreshPdoConnections($name);
    }
 
    /**
     * Refresh the PDO connections on a given connection.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Connection
     */
    protected function refreshPdoConnections($name)
    {
        $fresh = $this->makeConnection($name);
 
        return $this->connections[$name]
                                ->setPdo($fresh->getPdo())
                                ->setReadPdo($fresh->getReadPdo());
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the default connection name.
     *
     * @return string
     */
    public function getDefaultConnection()
    {
        return $this->app['config']['database.default'];
    }
 
    /**
     * Set the default connection name.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @return void
     */
    public function setDefaultConnection($name)

        if (isset($this->connections[$name = $name ?: $this->getDefaultConnection()])) {
            $this->connections[$name]->disconnect();
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Reconnect to the given database.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Connection
     */
    public function reconnect($name = null)
    {
        $this->disconnect($name = $name ?: $this->getDefaultConnection());
 
        if (! isset($this->connections[$name])) {
            return $this->connection($name);
        }
 
        return $this->refreshPdoConnections($name);
    }
 
    /**
     * Refresh the PDO connections on a given connection.
     *
     * @param  string  $name
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Connection
     */
    protected function refreshPdoConnections($name)
    {
        $fresh = $this->makeConnection($name);
 
        return $this->connections[$name]
                                ->setPdo($fresh->getPdo())
                                ->setReadPdo($fresh->getReadPdo());
    }
 
    /**
     * Get the default connection name.
     *

     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Connection  $connection
     * @param  string  $type
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Connection
     */
    protected function configure(Connection $connection, $type)
    {
        $connection = $this->setPdoForType($connection, $type);
 
        // First we'll set the fetch mode and a few other dependencies of the database
        // connection. This method basically just configures and prepares it to get
        // used by the application. Once we're finished we'll return it back out.
        if ($this->app->bound('events')) {
            $connection->setEventDispatcher($this->app['events']);
        }
 
        // Here we'll set a reconnector callback. This reconnector can be any callable
        // so we will set a Closure to reconnect from this manager with the name of
        // the connection, which will allow us to reconnect from the connections.
        $connection->setReconnector(function ($connection) {
            $this->reconnect($connection->getName());
        });
 
        return $connection;
    }
 
    /**
     * Prepare the read / write mode for database connection instance.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\Connection  $connection
     * @param  string  $type
     * @return \Illuminate\Database\Connection
     */
    protected function setPdoForType(Connection $connection, $type = null)
    {
        if ($type === 'read') {
            $connection->setPdo($connection->getReadPdo());
        } elseif ($type === 'write') {
            $connection->setReadPdo($connection->getPdo());
        }
 

 
            return $this->runQueryCallback($query, $bindings, $callback);
        }
 
        throw $e;
    }
 
    /**
     * Reconnect to the database.
     *
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \LogicException
     */
    public function reconnect()
    {
        if (is_callable($this->reconnector)) {
            $this->doctrineConnection = null;
 
            return call_user_func($this->reconnector, $this);
        }
 
        throw new LogicException('Lost connection and no reconnector available.');
    }
 
    /**
     * Reconnect to the database if a PDO connection is missing.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function reconnectIfMissingConnection()
    {
        if (is_null($this->pdo)) {
            $this->reconnect();
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Disconnect from the underlying PDO connection.
     *

 
            return $this->runQueryCallback($query, $bindings, $callback);
        }
 
        throw $e;
    }
 
    /**
     * Reconnect to the database.
     *
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \LogicException
     */
    public function reconnect()
    {
        if (is_callable($this->reconnector)) {
            $this->doctrineConnection = null;
 
            return call_user_func($this->reconnector, $this);
        }
 
        throw new LogicException('Lost connection and no reconnector available.');
    }
 
    /**
     * Reconnect to the database if a PDO connection is missing.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function reconnectIfMissingConnection()
    {
        if (is_null($this->pdo)) {
            $this->reconnect();
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Disconnect from the underlying PDO connection.
     *

        return $this->tryAgainIfCausedByLostConnection(
            $e, $query, $bindings, $callback
        );
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle a query exception that occurred during query execution.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\QueryException  $e
     * @param  string    $query
     * @param  array     $bindings
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\QueryException
     */
    protected function tryAgainIfCausedByLostConnection(QueryException $e, $query, $bindings, Closure $callback)
    {
        if ($this->causedByLostConnection($e->getPrevious())) {
            $this->reconnect();
 
            return $this->runQueryCallback($query, $bindings, $callback);
        }
 
        throw $e;
    }
 
    /**
     * Reconnect to the database.
     *
     * @return void
     *
     * @throws \LogicException
     */
    public function reconnect()
    {
        if (is_callable($this->reconnector)) {
            $this->doctrineConnection = null;
 
            return call_user_func($this->reconnector, $this);

 
    /**
     * Handle a query exception.
     *
     * @param  \Exception  $e
     * @param  string  $query
     * @param  array  $bindings
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Exception
     */
    protected function handleQueryException($e, $query, $bindings, Closure $callback)
    {
        if ($this->transactions >= 1) {
            throw $e;
        }
 
        return $this->tryAgainIfCausedByLostConnection(
            $e, $query, $bindings, $callback
        );
    }
 
    /**
     * Handle a query exception that occurred during query execution.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Database\QueryException  $e
     * @param  string    $query
     * @param  array     $bindings
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\QueryException
     */
    protected function tryAgainIfCausedByLostConnection(QueryException $e, $query, $bindings, Closure $callback)
    {
        if ($this->causedByLostConnection($e->getPrevious())) {
            $this->reconnect();
 
            return $this->runQueryCallback($query, $bindings, $callback);

     * @param  array     $bindings
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return mixed
     *
     * @throws \Illuminate\Database\QueryException
     */
    protected function run($query, $bindings, Closure $callback)
    {
        $this->reconnectIfMissingConnection();
 
        $start = microtime(true);
 
        // Here we will run this query. If an exception occurs we'll determine if it was
        // caused by a connection that has been lost. If that is the cause, we'll try
        // to re-establish connection and re-run the query with a fresh connection.
        try {
            $result = $this->runQueryCallback($query, $bindings, $callback);
        } catch (QueryException $e) {
            $result = $this->handleQueryException(
                $e, $query, $bindings, $callback
            );
        }
 
        // Once we have run the query we will calculate the time that it took to run and
        // then log the query, bindings, and execution time so we will report them on
        // the event that the developer needs them. We'll log time in milliseconds.
        $this->logQuery(
            $query, $bindings, $this->getElapsedTime($start)
        );
 
        return $result;
    }
 
    /**
     * Run a SQL statement.
     *
     * @param  string    $query
     * @param  array     $bindings
     * @param  \Closure  $callback
     * @return mixed

     */
    public function select($query, $bindings = [], $useReadPdo = true)
    {
        return $this->run($query, $bindings, function ($query, $bindings) use ($useReadPdo) {
            if ($this->pretending()) {
                return [];
            }
 
            // For select statements, we'll simply execute the query and return an array
            // of the database result set. Each element in the array will be a single
            // row from the database table, and will either be an array or objects.
            $statement = $this->prepared($this->getPdoForSelect($useReadPdo)
                              ->prepare($query));
 
            $this->bindValues($statement, $this->prepareBindings($bindings));
 
            $statement->execute();
 
            return $statement->fetchAll();
        });
    }
 
    /**
     * Run a select statement against the database and returns a generator.
     *
     * @param  string  $query
     * @param  array  $bindings
     * @param  bool  $useReadPdo
     * @return \Generator
     */
    public function cursor($query, $bindings = [], $useReadPdo = true)
    {
        $statement = $this->run($query, $bindings, function ($query, $bindings) use ($useReadPdo) {
            if ($this->pretending()) {
                return [];
            }
 
            // First we will create a statement for the query. Then, we will set the fetch
            // mode and prepare the bindings for the query. Once that's done we will be
            // ready to execute the query against the database and return the cursor.

     *
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
     */
    public function get($columns = ['*'])
    {
        return collect($this->onceWithColumns($columns, function () {
            return $this->processor->processSelect($this, $this->runSelect());
        }));
    }
 
    /**
     * Run the query as a "select" statement against the connection.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function runSelect()
    {
        return $this->connection->select(
            $this->toSql(), $this->getBindings(), ! $this->useWritePdo
        );
    }
 
    /**
     * Paginate the given query into a simple paginator.
     *
     * @param  int  $perPage
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @param  string  $pageName
     * @param  int|null  $page
     * @return \Illuminate\Contracts\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator
     */
    public function paginate($perPage = 15, $columns = ['*'], $pageName = 'page', $page = null)
    {
        $page = $page ?: Paginator::resolveCurrentPage($pageName);
 
        $total = $this->getCountForPagination($columns);
 
        $results = $total ? $this->forPage($page, $perPage)->get($columns) : collect();
 

        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Get an array with the values of a given column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
     */
    public function pluck($column, $key = null)
    {
        // First, we will need to select the results of the query accounting for the
        // given columns / key. Once we have the results, we will be able to take
        // the results and get the exact data that was requested for the query.
        $queryResult = $this->onceWithColumns(
            is_null($key) ? [$column] : [$column, $key],
            function () {
                return $this->processor->processSelect(
                    $this, $this->runSelect()
                );
            }
        );
 
        if (empty($queryResult)) {
            return collect();
        }
 
        // If the columns are qualified with a table or have an alias, we cannot use
        // those directly in the "pluck" operations since the results from the DB
        // are only keyed by the column itself. We'll strip the table out here.
        $column = $this->stripTableForPluck($column);
 
        $key = $this->stripTableForPluck($key);
 
        return is_array($queryResult[0])
                    ? $this->pluckFromArrayColumn($queryResult, $column, $key)
                    : $this->pluckFromObjectColumn($queryResult, $column, $key);
    }
 

    }
 
    /**
     * Execute the given callback while selecting the given columns.
     *
     * After running the callback, the columns are reset to the original value.
     *
     * @param  array  $columns
     * @param  callable  $callback
     * @return mixed
     */
    protected function onceWithColumns($columns, $callback)
    {
        $original = $this->columns;
 
        if (is_null($original)) {
            $this->columns = $columns;
        }
 
        $result = $callback();
 
        $this->columns = $original;
 
        return $result;
    }
 
    /**
     * Insert a new record into the database.
     *
     * @param  array  $values
     * @return bool
     */
    public function insert(array $values)
    {
        // Since every insert gets treated like a batch insert, we will make sure the
        // bindings are structured in a way that is convenient when building these
        // inserts statements by verifying these elements are actually an array.
        if (empty($values)) {
            return true;
        }

 
    /**
     * Get an array with the values of a given column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
     */
    public function pluck($column, $key = null)
    {
        // First, we will need to select the results of the query accounting for the
        // given columns / key. Once we have the results, we will be able to take
        // the results and get the exact data that was requested for the query.
        $queryResult = $this->onceWithColumns(
            is_null($key) ? [$column] : [$column, $key],
            function () {
                return $this->processor->processSelect(
                    $this, $this->runSelect()
                );
            }
        );
 
        if (empty($queryResult)) {
            return collect();
        }
 
        // If the columns are qualified with a table or have an alias, we cannot use
        // those directly in the "pluck" operations since the results from the DB
        // are only keyed by the column itself. We'll strip the table out here.
        $column = $this->stripTableForPluck($column);
 
        $key = $this->stripTableForPluck($key);
 
        return is_array($queryResult[0])
                    ? $this->pluckFromArrayColumn($queryResult, $column, $key)
                    : $this->pluckFromObjectColumn($queryResult, $column, $key);
    }
 
    /**
     * Strip off the table name or alias from a column identifier.

     *
     * @return void
     */
    protected function enforceOrderBy()
    {
        if (empty($this->query->orders) && empty($this->query->unionOrders)) {
            $this->orderBy($this->model->getQualifiedKeyName(), 'asc');
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Get an array with the values of a given column.
     *
     * @param  string  $column
     * @param  string|null  $key
     * @return \Illuminate\Support\Collection
     */
    public function pluck($column, $key = null)
    {
        $results = $this->toBase()->pluck($column, $key);
 
        // If the model has a mutator for the requested column, we will spin through
        // the results and mutate the values so that the mutated version of these
        // columns are returned as you would expect from these Eloquent models.
        if (! $this->model->hasGetMutator($column) &&
            ! $this->model->hasCast($column) &&
            ! in_array($column, $this->model->getDates())) {
            return $results;
        }
 
        return $results->map(function ($value) use ($column) {
            return $this->model->newFromBuilder([$column => $value])->{$column};
        });
    }
 
    /**
     * Paginate the given query.
     *
     * @param  int  $perPage
     * @param  array  $columns

namespace App\Models;
 
use App\Models\Locale;
use App\Models\LocaleCode;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 
class Region extends Model
{
    public $table = "regions";
 
    protected $guarded=[];
 
    public static function getAllRegions()
    {
        return Region::pluck('short_name as region')->toArray();
    }
 
    public static function getLocale($locale_id)
    {
        return Locale::where('id',$locale_id)->pluck('short_name')->first();
    }
 
    public static function getLocaleCode($locale_code_id)
    {
        return LocaleCode::where('id',$locale_code_id)->pluck('name')->first();
    }
 
    public static function getDirection($locale_code_id)
    {
        return LocaleCode::where('id',$locale_code_id)->pluck('name')->first();
    }
}
 

    private $regionDefault;
    private $regionsEnable;
    private $domain;
 
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * RegionMiddleware constructor.
     * @param Manager $manager
     */
    public function __construct(Manager $manager)
    {
        $this->manager = $manager;
        
        $this->regionsEnable = config('region.status');
        $regions = Region::All();
        $regionsArrays = [];
        foreach ($regions as $region) {
            $regionsArrays[$region->short_name] = [
                $region->getLocale($region->locale_id),
                $region->getLocaleCode($region->locale_code_id),
                $region->direction ?  'true' : 'false'
            ];
        };
        $this->regions = $regionsArrays;
        $this->regionDefault = config('region.default');
    }
 
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        if (!$this->regionsEnable)
            return $next($request);
 
        if(app()->router->getCurrentRoute()->getName() == 'frontend.auth.social.login')
            return $next($request);
        
        $this->domain = parse_url(config('app.url'), PHP_URL_HOST);
        $subdomain = rtrim(str_replace($this->domain, '', $request->getHost()), '.');
 
        if (!$subdomain)

        // we can just resolve the instances of the objects right away, without
        // resolving any other types or dependencies out of these containers.
        if (is_null($constructor)) {
            array_pop($this->buildStack);
 
            return new $concrete;
        }
 
        $dependencies = $constructor->getParameters();
 
        // Once we have all the constructor's parameters we can create each of the
        // dependency instances and then use the reflection instances to make a
        // new instance of this class, injecting the created dependencies in.
        $instances = $this->resolveDependencies(
            $dependencies
        );
 
        array_pop($this->buildStack);
 
        return $reflector->newInstanceArgs($instances);
    }
 
    /**
     * Resolve all of the dependencies from the ReflectionParameters.
     *
     * @param  array  $dependencies
     * @return array
     */
    protected function resolveDependencies(array $dependencies)
    {
        $results = [];
 
        foreach ($dependencies as $dependency) {
            // If this dependency has a override for this particular build we will use
            // that instead as the value. Otherwise, we will continue with this run
            // of resolutions and let reflection attempt to determine the result.
            if ($this->hasParameterOverride($dependency)) {
                $results[] = $this->getParameterOverride($dependency);
 
                continue;

        $needsContextualBuild = ! empty($parameters) || ! is_null(
            $this->getContextualConcrete($abstract)
        );
 
        // If an instance of the type is currently being managed as a singleton we'll
        // just return an existing instance instead of instantiating new instances
        // so the developer can keep using the same objects instance every time.
        if (isset($this->instances[$abstract]) && ! $needsContextualBuild) {
            return $this->instances[$abstract];
        }
 
        $this->with[] = $parameters;
 
        $concrete = $this->getConcrete($abstract);
 
        // We're ready to instantiate an instance of the concrete type registered for
        // the binding. This will instantiate the types, as well as resolve any of
        // its "nested" dependencies recursively until all have gotten resolved.
        if ($this->isBuildable($concrete, $abstract)) {
            $object = $this->build($concrete);
        } else {
            $object = $this->make($concrete);
        }
 
        // If we defined any extenders for this type, we'll need to spin through them
        // and apply them to the object being built. This allows for the extension
        // of services, such as changing configuration or decorating the object.
        foreach ($this->getExtenders($abstract) as $extender) {
            $object = $extender($object, $this);
        }
 
        // If the requested type is registered as a singleton we'll want to cache off
        // the instances in "memory" so we can return it later without creating an
        // entirely new instance of an object on each subsequent request for it.
        if ($this->isShared($abstract) && ! $needsContextualBuild) {
            $this->instances[$abstract] = $object;
        }
 
        $this->fireResolvingCallbacks($abstract, $object);
 

     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function makeWith($abstract, array $parameters = [])
    {
        return $this->make($abstract, $parameters);
    }
 
    /**
     * Resolve the given type from the container.
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function make($abstract, array $parameters = [])
    {
        return $this->resolve($abstract, $parameters);
    }
 
    /**
     *  {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function get($id)
    {
        try {
            return $this->resolve($id);
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            if ($this->has($id)) {
                throw $e;
            }
 
            throw new EntryNotFoundException;
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Resolve the given type from the container.

    }
 
    /**
     * Resolve the given type from the container.
     *
     * (Overriding Container::make)
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @param  array  $parameters
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function make($abstract, array $parameters = [])
    {
        $abstract = $this->getAlias($abstract);
 
        if (isset($this->deferredServices[$abstract]) && ! isset($this->instances[$abstract])) {
            $this->loadDeferredProvider($abstract);
        }
 
        return parent::make($abstract, $parameters);
    }
 
    /**
     * Determine if the given abstract type has been bound.
     *
     * (Overriding Container::bound)
     *
     * @param  string  $abstract
     * @return bool
     */
    public function bound($abstract)
    {
        return isset($this->deferredServices[$abstract]) || parent::bound($abstract);
    }
 
    /**
     * Determine if the application has booted.
     *
     * @return bool
     */

     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Response  $response
     * @return void
     */
    protected function terminateMiddleware($request, $response)
    {
        $middlewares = $this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : array_merge(
            $this->gatherRouteMiddleware($request),
            $this->middleware
        );
 
        foreach ($middlewares as $middleware) {
            if (! is_string($middleware)) {
                continue;
            }
 
            [$name] = $this->parseMiddleware($middleware);
 
            $instance = $this->app->make($name);
 
            if (method_exists($instance, 'terminate')) {
                $instance->terminate($request, $response);
            }
        }
    }
 
    /**
     * Gather the route middleware for the given request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return array
     */
    protected function gatherRouteMiddleware($request)
    {
        if ($route = $request->route()) {
            return $this->router->gatherRouteMiddleware($route);
        }
 
        return [];

     */
    protected function dispatchToRouter()
    {
        return function ($request) {
            $this->app->instance('request', $request);
 
            return $this->router->dispatch($request);
        };
    }
 
    /**
     * Call the terminate method on any terminable middleware.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Response  $response
     * @return void
     */
    public function terminate($request, $response)
    {
        $this->terminateMiddleware($request, $response);
 
        $this->app->terminate();
    }
 
    /**
     * Call the terminate method on any terminable middleware.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Response  $response
     * @return void
     */
    protected function terminateMiddleware($request, $response)
    {
        $middlewares = $this->app->shouldSkipMiddleware() ? [] : array_merge(
            $this->gatherRouteMiddleware($request),
            $this->middleware
        );
 
        foreach ($middlewares as $middleware) {
            if (! is_string($middleware)) {

|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Run The Application
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Once we have the application, we can handle the incoming request
| through the kernel, and send the associated response back to
| the client's browser allowing them to enjoy the creative
| and wonderful application we have prepared for them.
|
*/
 
$kernel = $app->make(Illuminate\Contracts\Http\Kernel::class);
 
$response = $kernel->handle(
    $request = Illuminate\Http\Request::capture()
);
 
$response->send();
 
$kernel->terminate($request, $response);